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Code Henry

The first comprehensive legal code of the Kingdom of Haiti, promulgated by King Henry Christophe on February 20, 1812 — a sovereign act of juridical self-determination just eight years after the world's only successful slave revolution produced an independent nation. This digital edition presents the complete Code in 3,004 articles spanning 8 laws and 67 titres — from the Loi Civile's 1,535 articles on personhood, marriage, property, and succession, to the Loi sur la Procédure Criminelle's 421 articles on investigation, confrontation, and royal clemency. Every article has been hand-extracted from 19th-century OCR, corrected, translated into English, and annotated with plain-language life lessons and scholarly notes. Browse in French, English, or Kreyòl Ayisyen. 3,004 articles · 8 laws · 3 languages · 213 years restored

3,004 articles in the Code Henry

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183
Article 183 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
Bankruptcy is the cessation of payment resulting from misfortune, and which cannot be attributed to other causes.
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Bankruptcy is the cessation of payment resulting from misfortune, and which cannot be attributed to other causes.

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184
Article 184 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
Bankruptcy shall be evidently opened when the debtor has withdrawn or closed his stores, or has declared his inability to pay, or when seals have...
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Bankruptcy shall be evidently opened when the debtor has withdrawn or closed his stores, or has declared his inability to pay, or when seals have been placed on his property.

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185
Article 185 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
The bankrupt ceasing his payments shall make a declaration at the admiralty clerk's office within three days from the cessation of payments. He shall also...
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The bankrupt ceasing his payments shall make a declaration at the admiralty clerk's office within three days from the cessation of payments. He shall also be required to disclose the names and domiciles of his joint partners, if the company, in case of bankruptcy, is of the ordinary partnership class.

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186
Article 186 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
The bankrupt is by operation of law divested of all his property from the moment his bankruptcy is established.
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The bankrupt is by operation of law divested of all his property from the moment his bankruptcy is established.

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187
Article 187 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
All acts whatsoever made within the ten days preceding the bankruptcy are liable to be struck void if they appear fraudulent to the judges. All...
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All acts whatsoever made within the ten days preceding the bankruptcy are liable to be struck void if they appear fraudulent to the judges. All commercial debts that may have been paid within the ten days preceding the opening of bankruptcy shall be returned to the creditors' estate, if at that time they were not yet due.

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188
Article 188 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
Unmatured passive debts become due upon the opening of bankruptcy, if the bankrupt is one of the obligors; with respect to commercial paper; however the...
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Unmatured passive debts become due upon the opening of bankruptcy, if the bankrupt is one of the obligors; with respect to commercial paper; however the other obligors may only be compelled to provide security for payment at maturity, unless they prefer to pay immediately.

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189
Article 189 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
The placement of seals shall be ordered by the admiralty judge; a copy of the order shall be sent to the local seneschal to carry...
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The placement of seals shall be ordered by the admiralty judge; a copy of the order shall be sent to the local seneschal to carry it out; this must be executed as soon as knowledge of the bankruptcy is acquired; and it shall be, by the bankrupt's declaration, by a creditor's petition, or by public notoriety; the seneschal may also, ex officio, place seals based on public notoriety.

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190
Article 190 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
Seals shall be placed on the shops, counters, cash boxes, books, registers, papers, furniture, and effects of the bankrupt.
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Seals shall be placed on the shops, counters, cash boxes, books, registers, papers, furniture, and effects of the bankrupt.

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191
Article 191 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
They shall also be placed, in the case of an ordinary partnership, on all property belonging to the joint partners, and at their separate domiciles....
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They shall also be placed, in the case of an ordinary partnership, on all property belonging to the joint partners, and at their separate domiciles. The seneschal shall forward without delay to the admiralty judge the record of the placement of seals.

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192
Article 192 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
The admiralty judge, after complying with the above provisions, as soon as knowledge of the bankruptcy is acquired, shall order the deposit of the bankrupt's...
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The admiralty judge, after complying with the above provisions, as soon as knowledge of the bankruptcy is acquired, shall order the deposit of the bankrupt's person at the king's bench, or entrust the custody of his person to a police officer.

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193
Article 193 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
The bankrupt shall be required to give his creditors a balance sheet, in which his active and passive debts shall be listed; if it was...
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The bankrupt shall be required to give his creditors a balance sheet, in which his active and passive debts shall be listed; if it was not prepared at the time of bankruptcy, it shall be done in the presence of agents appointed by the creditors.

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194
Article 194 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
Merchants and traders shall also be required to present their books and registers; which, to be valid, must bear the formalities prescribed by article 14,...
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Merchants and traders shall also be required to present their books and registers; which, to be valid, must bear the formalities prescribed by article 14, Chapter II, of Title I; these books shall be delivered to the admiralty judge or to the creditor, or to any other person who offers sufficient guarantee for faithful management, who shall be invested with the confidence of all, and appointed by them ad hoc.

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195
Article 195 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
The bankrupt's books shall be closed by the seneschal and the king's prosecutor of the admiralty, extracted from the seals, and delivered to the agents...
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The bankrupt's books shall be closed by the seneschal and the king's prosecutor of the admiralty, extracted from the seals, and delivered to the agents appointed by the creditors.

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196
Article 196 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
Short-term portfolio effects or those requiring acceptance shall also be extracted from the seals; they shall be described and delivered to the agents to fulfill...
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Short-term portfolio effects or those requiring acceptance shall also be extracted from the seals; they shall be described and delivered to the agents to fulfill the necessary formalities and pursue collection; but a detailed statement shall be given to the king's prosecutor of the admiralty for filing at the clerk's office.

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197
Article 197 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
The agents, standing in the place of the bankrupt, shall have the right to receive all sums that may be owed to him and give...
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The agents, standing in the place of the bankrupt, shall have the right to receive all sums that may be owed to him and give receipts countersigned by the king's prosecutor; they shall have the right to read letters addressed to the bankrupt; they shall have the right to sell perishable merchandise after requesting permission from the admiralty judge and on the conclusions of said king's prosecutor.

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198
Article 198 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
The bankrupt's agents, upon taking office, are required to perform all conservatory acts for the benefit of the bankrupt against his debtors.
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The bankrupt's agents, upon taking office, are required to perform all conservatory acts for the benefit of the bankrupt against his debtors.

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199
Article 199 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
The king's prosecutor, assisted by the seneschal and agents, shall immediately proceed to the verification of claims.
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The king's prosecutor, assisted by the seneschal and agents, shall immediately proceed to the verification of claims.

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200
Article 200 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
Creditors shall be notified by the appointed agents and by public newspapers; they shall be required to appear within forty days, either in person or...
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Creditors shall be notified by the appointed agents and by public newspapers; they shall be required to appear within forty days, either in person or through their authorized representative; they shall declare on what basis and for what sum they are creditors; their proof of claim shall be filed at the admiralty clerk's office, and they shall receive a receipt.

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201
Article 201 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
The verification of claims shall be made adversarially between the creditors and the debtor's agents, in the presence of the judge appointed for this purpose,...
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The verification of claims shall be made adversarially between the creditors and the debtor's agents, in the presence of the judge appointed for this purpose, who shall draw up the official record. The entire operation must be completed within the fifteen days following the forty-day period granted by law.

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202
Article 202 Commercial Law · Des Faillites
Commercial Law
The creditor whose claim has been verified and who has affirmed it may, if he wishes, attend the verification of other claims and challenge them.
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The creditor whose claim has been verified and who has affirmed it may, if he wishes, attend the verification of other claims and challenge them.