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Code Henry

The first comprehensive legal code of the Kingdom of Haiti, promulgated by King Henry Christophe on February 20, 1812 — a sovereign act of juridical self-determination just eight years after the world's only successful slave revolution produced an independent nation. This digital edition presents the complete Code in 3,004 articles spanning 8 laws and 67 titres — from the Loi Civile's 1,535 articles on personhood, marriage, property, and succession, to the Loi sur la Procédure Criminelle's 421 articles on investigation, confrontation, and royal clemency. Every article has been hand-extracted from 19th-century OCR, corrected, translated into English, and annotated with plain-language life lessons and scholarly notes. Browse in French, English, or Kreyòl Ayisyen. 3,004 articles · 8 laws · 3 languages · 213 years restored

3,004 articles in the Code Henry

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301
Article 301 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
The usufructuary has the right to enjoy every kind of product, whether natural, industrial, or civil, resulting from the object on which usufruct is conferred...
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The usufructuary has the right to enjoy every kind of product, whether natural, industrial, or civil, resulting from the object on which usufruct is conferred upon him.

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302
Article 302 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
Natural fruits are understood as the spontaneous products of the earth, as well as the increase of animals and the profits resulting therefrom. Industrial fruits...
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Natural fruits are understood as the spontaneous products of the earth, as well as the increase of animals and the profits resulting therefrom. Industrial fruits are those obtained through cultivation. Civil fruits are those deriving from houses, interest on sums due, arrears of annuities, and the price of farm leases.

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303
Article 303 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
Natural or industrial products, hanging by branch or by root, belong to the usufructuary from the moment usufruct opens in his favor. At the expiration...
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Natural or industrial products, hanging by branch or by root, belong to the usufructuary from the moment usufruct opens in his favor. At the expiration of the usufruct, pending productions, as stated above, are by right acquired by the owner, without compensation on either side for cultivation costs, and without nevertheless prejudicing the rights of workers and manufacturers, and of sharecropping tenants.

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304
Article 304 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
Civil fruits are properly acquired day by day. This right belongs to the usufructuary and is extinguished only with the duration of the time prescribed...
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Civil fruits are properly acquired day by day. This right belongs to the usufructuary and is extinguished only with the duration of the time prescribed for his usufruct; within this rule are included farm leases, house rents, and other civil fruits.

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305
Article 305 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
When usufruct has for its object things whose use is inseparable from their consumption, such as money, grain, and liquors, the usufructuary may use them;...
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When usufruct has for its object things whose use is inseparable from their consumption, such as money, grain, and liquors, the usufructuary may use them; but on condition of returning, at the end of the usufruct, the same quantity, quality, and value, or their appraised amount.

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306
Article 306 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
The usufructuary who has received the arrears of a life annuity cannot be pursued for restitution.
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The usufructuary who has received the arrears of a life annuity cannot be pursued for restitution.

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307
Article 307 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
If the objects are of a nature to deteriorate through use, without however being entirely consumed, the usufructuary has the right to employ them for...
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If the objects are of a nature to deteriorate through use, without however being entirely consumed, the usufructuary has the right to employ them for the use to which they are destined, without being liable for the deterioration resulting from their service, provided however that he returns them, at the end of the usufruct, in the state in which they are found at that time, provided it is not established that their deterioration results from his fraud or fault.

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308
Article 308 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
The usufructuary may not clear any new woodland without the express obligation to plant, in this new field, the quality of crops and provisions of...
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The usufructuary may not clear any new woodland without the express obligation to plant, in this new field, the quality of crops and provisions of which the soil is capable.

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309
Article 309 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
The usufructuary may enjoy the property himself, lease it, sell or transfer his right gratuitously, in conformity, as to farm leases, with the rules established...
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The usufructuary may enjoy the property himself, lease it, sell or transfer his right gratuitously, in conformity, as to farm leases, with the rules established for the husband regarding the wife's property, in the Title on Marriage Contracts and the Respective Rights of Spouses.

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310
Article 310 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
No prejudice or injury to the usufructuary's right may be caused by the owner; and for his part, the usufructuary may not, at the expiration...
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No prejudice or injury to the usufructuary's right may be caused by the owner; and for his part, the usufructuary may not, at the expiration of the usufruct, claim any indemnity for improvements he alleges to have made, even if they greatly increased the value of the thing. He may however, or his heirs, remove mirrors, paintings, and other ornaments he had placed; but with the express condition of restoring the premises to their original state.

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311
Article 311 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
The usufructuary receives the things in the state in which they are found at the moment of his entry into enjoyment; but he is required,...
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The usufructuary receives the things in the state in which they are found at the moment of his entry into enjoyment; but he is required, before all else, to have drawn up, in the presence of the owner or with him duly summoned, an inventory of the movables and a statement of condition of the immovables subject to the exercise of his usufruct.

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312
Article 312 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
He gives security to use the premises as a prudent administrator, unless the act constituting the usufruct has dispensed him from this formality. Not subject...
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He gives security to use the premises as a prudent administrator, unless the act constituting the usufruct has dispensed him from this formality. Not subject to this formality are fathers and mothers having legal usufruct over their children's property, nor the seller, nor the donor, under reservation of usufruct.

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313
Article 313 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
In the case where the usufructuary cannot furnish security, the immovables are placed in sequestration or leased, the commodities are sold, the proceeds are invested...
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In the case where the usufructuary cannot furnish security, the immovables are placed in sequestration or leased, the commodities are sold, the proceeds are invested along with the sums included in the usufruct; in this scenario, the interest on these sums and the lease proceeds belong by right to the usufructuary.

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314
Article 314 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
In default of security from the usufructuary, the owner has the right to require that movables liable to deteriorate through use be sold, with the...
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In default of security from the usufructuary, the owner has the right to require that movables liable to deteriorate through use be sold, with the proceeds invested along with those of the commodities; in this case, the enjoyment of the interest is assured to the usufructuary throughout the course of his usufruct. The latter may request, and the judges may order, according to circumstances, that a portion of the movables indispensable to his use remain in his hands, under simple oath, and with the obligation to produce them at the cessation of the usufruct.

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315
Article 315 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
From the moment usufruct begins, the fruits therefrom are owed to the usufructuary; and this right cannot be taken from him by any delay he...
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From the moment usufruct begins, the fruits therefrom are owed to the usufructuary; and this right cannot be taken from him by any delay he may have in furnishing security.

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316
Article 316 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
Only maintenance repairs are the charge of the usufructuary. The owner is liable for major repairs, unless it is proven that the damage results from...
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Only maintenance repairs are the charge of the usufructuary. The owner is liable for major repairs, unless it is proven that the damage results from the usufructuary's failure to repair and maintain since the moment he entered into enjoyment, in which case the repair costs fall upon the usufructuary.

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317
Article 317 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
The restoration of main walls and vaults, the replacement of entire beams and roofing, that of dikes, retaining walls, and enclosure walls in their entirety,...
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The restoration of main walls and vaults, the replacement of entire beams and roofing, that of dikes, retaining walls, and enclosure walls in their entirety, are deemed major repairs; all others are considered maintenance.

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318
Article 318 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
Everything that has perished from age, or that has been destroyed by accident or force majeure, cannot be charged to either the owner or the...
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Everything that has perished from age, or that has been destroyed by accident or force majeure, cannot be charged to either the owner or the usufructuary.

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319
Article 319 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
The usufructuary is liable, during his enjoyment, for all annual charges on the estate, such as taxes and others which, in practice, are considered charges...
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The usufructuary is liable, during his enjoyment, for all annual charges on the estate, such as taxes and others which, in practice, are considered charges upon the fruits.

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320
Article 320 Civil Law · De l'Usufruit
Property Law
All charges imputable upon the property during the course of the usufruct are borne respectively by the usufructuary and the owner, in the manner hereafter...
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All charges imputable upon the property during the course of the usufruct are borne respectively by the usufructuary and the owner, in the manner hereafter determined. Payment of the charges is obligatory for the owner; but the usufructuary is accountable to him for the interest. If the amount of these charges is advanced by the usufructuary, he acquires the right to recover the capital at the expiration of the usufruct.

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