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Code Henry

The first comprehensive legal code of the Kingdom of Haiti, promulgated by King Henry Christophe on February 20, 1812 — a sovereign act of juridical self-determination just eight years after the world's only successful slave revolution produced an independent nation. This digital edition presents the complete Code in 3,004 articles spanning 8 laws and 67 titres — from the Loi Civile's 1,535 articles on personhood, marriage, property, and succession, to the Loi sur la Procédure Criminelle's 421 articles on investigation, confrontation, and royal clemency. Every article has been hand-extracted from 19th-century OCR, corrected, translated into English, and annotated with plain-language life lessons and scholarly notes. Browse in French, English, or Kreyòl Ayisyen. 3,004 articles · 8 laws · 3 languages · 213 years restored

3,004 articles in the Code Henry

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10
Article 10 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Devoirs des Propriétaires et Fermiers
Land Rights
Agricultural workers shall have their provision grounds on the plantations; these shall be distributed equitably by the owner or tenant farmer, in the presence of...
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Agricultural workers shall have their provision grounds on the plantations; these shall be distributed equitably by the owner or tenant farmer, in the presence of the authorities, among each family, with regard to the quality and quantity of land deemed appropriate to grant.

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Article 11 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Devoirs des Propriétaires et Fermiers
Mutual Aid
In the case of fire on a sugar plantation or other estate, neighboring agricultural workers shall be required to immediately provide all possible assistance to...
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In the case of fire on a sugar plantation or other estate, neighboring agricultural workers shall be required to immediately provide all possible assistance to halt the progress of the fire; and owners and tenant farmers shall likewise provide, as far as possible, their equipment to help the fire-stricken planter mill his cane in the shortest time, without any compensation.

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Article 12 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Devoirs des Propriétaires et Fermiers
Land Management
No owner, tenant farmer, or manager may set fire to his cane fields, nor clear new woodland adjacent to neighboring plantations, without notifying the owner,...
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No owner, tenant farmer, or manager may set fire to his cane fields, nor clear new woodland adjacent to neighboring plantations, without notifying the owner, tenant farmer, or manager of the neighboring estate, and without observing the distances necessary to prevent the spread of fire, on pain of damages and interest to the injured party.

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Article 13 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Devoirs des Propriétaires et Fermiers
Labor Rights
Owners or tenant farmers shall have the right to have their riding and carriage horses tended alongside other animals serving the plantation's manufacturing; but when...
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Owners or tenant farmers shall have the right to have their riding and carriage horses tended alongside other animals serving the plantation's manufacturing; but when they divert one or more keepers from the work crew to assign them specifically to the care of their horses, whether tethered or stabled, these keepers shall have no share in the distribution of the quarter due to agricultural workers; they shall be paid by said owners and tenant farmers.

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Article 14 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Devoirs des Propriétaires et Fermiers
Land Management
An excessive number of animals on cultivated plantations being harmful to their upkeep and to the crops through their damage, only animals necessary for labor,...
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An excessive number of animals on cultivated plantations being harmful to their upkeep and to the crops through their damage, only animals necessary for labor, the processing of produce, and other needs of the plantation shall be kept in the enclosed savanna. Other animals, both those of the owners or tenant farmers and those of the agricultural workers, shall be placed on a separate pasture, which owners or tenant farmers shall be required to provide for their own animals and those of the agricultural workers.

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Article 15 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Devoirs des Propriétaires et Fermiers
Labor Rights
The necessary number of keepers to watch over the agricultural workers' animals shall be provided by the owners, tenant farmers, or managers of the plantations....
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The necessary number of keepers to watch over the agricultural workers' animals shall be provided by the owners, tenant farmers, or managers of the plantations. These keepers shall have a share in the distribution of the quarter due to the agricultural workers.

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Article 16 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Obligations des agriculteurs et de la Police des Ateliers
Reciprocal Duty
The law having imposed upon owners and tenant farmers duties that are entirely paternal toward the agricultural workers, also requires reciprocal duties on the part...
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The law having imposed upon owners and tenant farmers duties that are entirely paternal toward the agricultural workers, also requires reciprocal duties on the part of the agricultural workers toward the owners and tenant farmers.

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Article 17 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Obligations des agriculteurs et de la Police des Ateliers
Labor Discipline
The law punishes the idle and the vagrant; every individual being required to make himself useful to society. Independently of the persons covered by Article...
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The law punishes the idle and the vagrant; every individual being required to make himself useful to society.

Independently of the persons covered by Article 19 hereafter, the following shall be considered vagrants: agricultural workers of both sexes who have left or shall leave the plantations where they have chosen their habitual residence, to take refuge without valid cause on another plantation, in towns, cities, or any other place where residence is forbidden to them by law; consequently those among them who fall under this article shall be punished in accordance with Article 114, Title VIII.

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Article 18 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Obligations des agriculteurs et de la Police des Ateliers
Family
The marriage of agricultural workers shall be fundamentally encouraged and protected, being the source of good morals. The most industrious agricultural workers who have the...
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The marriage of agricultural workers shall be fundamentally encouraged and protected, being the source of good morals.

The most industrious agricultural workers who have the most well-raised and educated children born of their legitimate union shall be distinguished by the government, and shall receive encouragements.

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Article 19 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Obligations des agriculteurs et de la Police des Ateliers
Labor Discipline
Begging is strictly prohibited; all idle persons, beggars, women of bad lives and morals, and all vagrants in the cities, towns, and highways shall be...
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Begging is strictly prohibited; all idle persons, beggars, women of bad lives and morals, and all vagrants in the cities, towns, and highways shall be arrested by the police and returned to their plantations; those who are not attached to any plantation shall be sent to the plantation or manufactory designated for them by the superior authorities.

The governors, King's lieutenants, commanders of garrisons and police, shall strictly enforce the full and entire execution of this article; and all good and faithful subjects of His Majesty are invited to denounce to the authorities the individuals mentioned above.

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Article 20 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Obligations des agriculteurs et de la Police des Ateliers
Worker Protection
Any manager or foreman convicted of having neglected the cultivation of the plantation entrusted to him, of having diverted the labor of the agricultural workers...
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Any manager or foreman convicted of having neglected the cultivation of the plantation entrusted to him, of having diverted the labor of the agricultural workers for his own profit, whether by employing them for fishing or hunting, or by assigning them to make provision grounds for his personal account, or any other purpose, or who has exercised mistreatment toward the agricultural workers through culpable abuse of his authority, shall be punished according to Article 115, Title VIII.

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Article 21 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Obligations des agriculteurs et de la Police des Ateliers
Accountability
Abuses arising directly from the actions of managers, when it is clearly proven that the owners and tenant farmers had no part in them, shall...
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Abuses arising directly from the actions of managers, when it is clearly proven that the owners and tenant farmers had no part in them, shall in no case prejudice the interests of owners or tenant farmers absent from their plantations. If these abuses are truly the doing of the owners or tenant farmers, the authorities shall comply, according to the gravity of the case, with the provisions of the articles of the law concerning abuses by owners and tenant farmers toward agricultural workers.

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Article 22 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Obligations des agriculteurs et de la Police des Ateliers
Labor Rights
The working hours of the agricultural workers are irrevocably fixed as follows: In the morning, at the break of day, work shall begin and continue...
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The working hours of the agricultural workers are irrevocably fixed as follows:

In the morning, at the break of day, work shall begin and continue without interruption until eight o'clock; one hour shall be devoted to the workers' breakfast, which shall take place at the very location where they are working; at nine o'clock, they shall resume their labors until noon, when two hours of rest shall be granted to them; at two o'clock precisely, they shall resume their work, and shall not leave it until nightfall.

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Article 23 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Obligations des agriculteurs et de la Police des Ateliers
Worker Protection
Pregnant women and nursing mothers are not subject to the rules established above.
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Pregnant women and nursing mothers are not subject to the rules established above.

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Article 24 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Obligations des agriculteurs et de la Police des Ateliers
Religion
Every evening, the owners, tenant farmers, or managers are required to have prayers said for the agricultural workers, and shall invite them to attend, on...
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Every evening, the owners, tenant farmers, or managers are required to have prayers said for the agricultural workers, and shall invite them to attend, on Sundays and feast days, the public prayers in their parish.

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Article 25 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Obligations des agriculteurs et de la Police des Ateliers
Food Security
The owners, tenant farmers, managers, and foremen of the plantations are required to ensure that the provision grounds distributed to the agricultural workers are always...
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The owners, tenant farmers, managers, and foremen of the plantations are required to ensure that the provision grounds distributed to the agricultural workers are always well maintained; in the contrary case, they shall compel the workers to do so during their own hours.

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Article 26 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Obligations des agriculteurs et de la Police des Ateliers
Labor Discipline
Agricultural workers may not absent themselves from their plantations on workdays without obtaining a permit from the King's lieutenant of the locality, which the manager...
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Agricultural workers may not absent themselves from their plantations on workdays without obtaining a permit from the King's lieutenant of the locality, which the manager or foreman must procure for them.

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Article 27 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Obligations des agriculteurs et de la Police des Ateliers
Public Order
Whenever disorder or seditious movement occurs on a plantation, the owners, tenant farmers, managers, or foremen are required to call upon the neighborhood to apprehend...
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Whenever disorder or seditious movement occurs on a plantation, the owners, tenant farmers, managers, or foremen are required to call upon the neighborhood to apprehend the disturbers, who, once arrested, shall immediately notify the King's lieutenant of the locality or the police commander, who shall go to the location to receive said disturbers of public peace, have them imprisoned, and then report to the proper authority, stating the grounds for their arrest.

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Article 28 Law Concerning Agriculture · Des Obligations des agriculteurs et de la Police des Ateliers
Accountability
Whenever the King's lieutenant of a parish and the police commander are required, whether by civil or administrative authorities, or by owners, tenant farmers, or...
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Whenever the King's lieutenant of a parish and the police commander are required, whether by civil or administrative authorities, or by owners, tenant farmers, or managers, to go to a plantation to prevent disorder, if they do not exactly fulfill their duty by employing all means in their power to suppress it, they shall be personally responsible for the dire consequences that may result.

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Article 29 Law Concerning Agriculture
Agriculture
The owners and tenant farmers of sugar plantations are required to build the necessary structures and mills for the manufacture of sugar, to keep the...
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The owners and tenant farmers of sugar plantations are required to build the necessary structures and mills for the manufacture of sugar, to keep the equipment in good condition, and to construct the basins and purging houses so as not to lose the syrup that drains from the hogsheads.