Jean-Pierre Boyer dies in Paris, having ruled Haiti for twenty-five years

Jean-Pierre Boyer died in Paris on 9 July 1850, aged seventy-four. He was president of Haiti from 1818 to 1843 and reunited the whole island in 1821 after the deaths of Pétion and Christophe. In 1825 he agreed to the French indemnity of 150 million francs, the debt that shaped the next century of Haitian poverty. A rebellion drove him out in 1843, first to Jamaica and then to Paris, where he died.