c.

c. AD 1200 – 1500 (Subsistence): The Late Ceramic Age diet in the Caribbean was characterized by a diverse range of cultigens, including maize, manioc, and the semi-domesticated guáyiga (Zamia sp.). While manioc remained a staple, the widespread identification of maize through starch grain analysis and macro-botanical remains suggests it played a more significant role in the diet and ritual economy than previously assumed. Additionally, the cultivation of tobacco and gourds supported both ceremonial practices and daily utility. This multi-crop agricultural system provided the caloric stability necessary to support the dense populations and large-scale village structures of the Greater Antilles.