c.

c. AD 1000 – 1500: The distribution of petroglyphs across the Lesser Antilles and Trinidad serves as a permanent record of the “sacred geography” of the pre-Columbian Caribbean. Research by C.N. Dubelaar indicates that these rock carvings are frequently located near water sources, such as springs or river pools, and in caves. The motifs often include “swaddled” figures and stylized faces that correspond to the cemí iconography found in the Greater Antilles. These sites likely served as communal ritual spaces where the boundaries between the physical and spiritual worlds were believed to be thin, reinforcing shared religious concepts across the archipelago.