c.

c. AD 1200 – 1500: The presence of linear earthworks and human-constructed mounds (monticulos) at various sites in eastern Cuba indicates a high degree of landscape modification during the Late Ceramic Age. While early Spanish accounts primarily associated these mounds with agriculture, archaeological excavations reveal they were multi-functional, serving as residential foundations, refuse deposits, and burial sites. At sites visited by archaeologist M.R. Harrington, these features often occur in association with Chicoid pottery and ceremonial objects like vomit spatulas. This diversification of mound use reflects the complex spatial organization of Cuban communities as they adapted to the needs of growing populations.