c.

c. AD 900 – 1500: In Jamaica, the Paradise and Sweetwater sites demonstrate how communities tailored their technology to specific environmental niches despite geographic proximity. While both sites utilized Meillacoid pottery, their tool kits diverged sharply; Sweetwater focused on bivalve scrapers for swamp resources, while Paradise utilized shell axes and flaked chert. These variations challenge the idea of a uniform material culture across the island, suggesting instead a landscape of specialized economies. Keegan and Hofman argue that these differences reflect the agency of local groups in managing diverse terrains and plants. This fine-grained archaeological perspective reveals the complexity of social and economic organization in the pre-Columbian Greater Antilles.