1891-Conclusion: Logan summarizes the century-long policy of the United States as one of persistent “non-recognition” followed by strategic “recognition” onl…

1891-Conclusion: Logan summarizes the century-long policy of the United States as one of persistent “non-recognition” followed by strategic “recognition” only when it served American naval or commercial ends. From the early debates in Baltimore to the final standoff at Môle Saint-Nicolas, the relationship was defined by a tension between the American desire for Caribbean stability and the Haitian determination to remain an independent “Black Republic.”