c. AD 1200 – 1500: The “Big Wall” site in Cuba is distinguished by a linear earthwork known as the Gran Muro de San Lucas, which stands approximately 1.8 meters high and…

c. AD 1200 – 1500: The “Big Wall” site in Cuba is distinguished by a linear earthwork known as the Gran Muro de San Lucas, which stands approximately 1.8 meters high and extends for 85 meters. Unlike some other enclosures, this mound was constructed entirely of village refuse, or midden material. At either end of the wall, low circular mounds likely served as the foundations for indigenous structures, possibly residences or specialized outposts. This linear formation suggests a different approach to spatial organization and site boundary definition compared to the enclosed plazas found elsewhere. The use of refuse to build monumental features highlights the symbolic and practical integration of domestic life and public architecture.