c.

c. AD 1200 – 1500 (Maritime Technology): The primary mode of transportation across the Caribbean was the single-tree dugout canoe, which allowed for significant maritime mobility. While often viewed as simple craft, research by scholars such as David Watters and others suggests that these vessels were capable of navigating open-ocean “corridors” between islands. Computer simulations of voyaging patterns indicate that pre-Columbian navigators understood seasonal winds and currents, allowing them to maintain long-distance interaction networks. These watercraft were essential for the exchange of prestige goods and the maintenance of social ties between the Greater Antilles and the “out islands” of the Bahamas and Lesser Antilles.