c.

c. AD 1200 – 1500 (Subsistence): In the interior of Hispaniola, Late Ceramic Age sites display a higher frequency of terrestrial animals and riverine or lacustrine fish compared to coastal settlements. Despite this shift in target species, researchers find no evidence for a fundamental change in subsistence practices between the interior and the coast. Instead, the reorganization and intensification of agriculture appear to be the primary drivers of population growth during this period. This agricultural focus supported the development of large, permanent villages organized into complex political networks.