c.

c. AD 1200 – 1500 (Spatial Layout): In the Late Ceramic Age of Hispaniola and Cuba, middens were systematically arranged around central plazas to define the communal living space. At large sites, this organization extended into the construction of causeways and roads, creating a landscape that archaeologists compare to “Galactic Polities.” This term refers to a network of settlements that are physically linked and socially integrated, reflecting a high level of political coordination across the region. Such structured environments were central to the operation of theocratic chiefdoms.