c.

c. AD 1400 – 1600: In the southern portion of the Antilles, many islands remained densely occupied and maintained intensive exchange relations with diverse mainland communities in South America. These continuous contacts resulted in a pluriform set of shared cultural traits and languages that persisted well into the early colonial period. One notable outcome of this interaction was the development of a “Carib pidgin,” a shared linguistic tool used across a mosaic of diverse communities. This archaeological and linguistic evidence challenges the simplistic colonial dichotomy of “noble Taíno” versus “savage Carib.” Instead, the region is characterized by a complex and interactive network of societies that maintained their own unique configurations.