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1962-Nov.

1962-Nov.: The civilian militia was formally organized into the Volontaires de la Securité Nationale (VSN) by presidential decree.

1962-Nov.: The civilian militia was formally organized into the Volontaires de la Securité Nationale (VSN) by presidential decree. This move provided a legal framework for the paramilitary group that served as the primary organ of state repression.

Source  ·  p. 217 Nicholls, From Dessalines to Duvalier, 217