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1957

1957: President Duvalier began eliminating a number of independent houngans who were unprepared to recognize his own claims to superior occult power.

1957: President Duvalier began eliminating a number of independent houngans who were unprepared to recognize his own claims to superior occult power. This consolidation of religious authority was intended to neutralize potential centers of local influence in the towns and villages.

Source  ·  p. 234 Nicholls, From Dessalines to Duvalier, 234