1957–1963: (War with the World: More Chiefs of Mission Expelled Than in All of Haiti’s History, No Diplomatic Dinner in Fourteen Years, and the Senator Hande…

1957–1963: (War with the World: More Chiefs of Mission Expelled Than in All of Haiti’s History, No Diplomatic Dinner in Fourteen Years, and the Senator Handed a Ticket to Tokyo Where Haiti Had No Embassy): Duvalier was also at war with the diplomatic corps — it was utterly characteristic of his neo-Dessalinian isolationism to suspect and hold foreigners at arm’s length and to demonstrate that he was strong enough to bully and harass blanc ambassadors. Never giving a diplomatic dinner during fourteen years in the Palais, he expelled more foreign chiefs of mission than had been expelled during the whole of Haiti’s history — by 1963 his thin diplomatic corps bore the scars of outright expulsion or hasty departure of a papal nuncio and of chiefs of mission from Great Britain, Chile, Cuba, Venezuela, the Netherlands, the Dominican Republic, and two American ambassadors, with the UN resident representative soon to follow. Foreigners who successfully penetrated Haiti’s closed society beyond Port-au-Prince were suddenly called on to depart. Meanwhile, when Senator Jean David allowed himself to be carried away in criticizing the government, within hours he was handed an economy-class ticket, diplomatic passport, and commission as ambassador to Tokyo — where Haiti had no embassy.