1922
1922: The creation of the Gendarmerie d’Haïti under U.S.
1922: The creation of the Gendarmerie d’Haïti under U.S. command centralizes armed power in the capital. This institutional shift professionalized the military while making it a primary tool for political control.
Source
Trouillot, Haiti: State Against Nation, 105; Nicholls, From Dessalines to Duvalier, xxxi