1920: (The Haitian Preference for Black Troops and the Chicago Defender as Transnational Witness — Churchstone-Lord Revealing That Haitians Preferred Colored…

1920: (The Haitian Preference for Black Troops and the Chicago Defender as Transnational Witness — Churchstone-Lord Revealing That Haitians Preferred Colored United States Troops If the American Government Continued to Maintain Protectorate, Declaring That White Troops Were Too Arrogant and Known for Their Disrespect for Native Haitians Especially Women and Girls, Churchstone-Lord’s Report Exposing a Structure of Brutal Rape Assault and Murder to the United States, Although Few Incidents Were Investigated Haitians Disclosing the Assaults Through Word of Mouth Newspapers Journals Public Letters and Courts-Martial — Through These Means Churchstone-Lord Received Knowledge of the Girls’ Deaths and Revealed the Story to the Chicago Defender): Churchstone-Lord further revealed that the Haitian people preferred Black United States troops in the event the American government continued to maintain the protectorate, declaring that white troops were too arrogant and known for their disrespect for native Haitians, especially women and girls. The preference was not an endorsement of occupation but a calculation of survival — if foreign domination was to be endured, let it at least be endured under soldiers less likely to regard Haitian Blackness as an invitation to dehumanization. Churchstone-Lord’s report exposed a structure of brutal rape, assault, and murder of Haitian girls and women to an American public that might have otherwise remained ignorant. Although few incidents were investigated by the US military or the Haitian Gendarmerie during the occupation, Haitians disclosed the assaults through word of mouth, newspapers, journals, public letters, and when possible, courts-martial. It was through these channels — not through any official mechanism of justice — that Churchstone-Lord received knowledge of the Haitian girls’ deaths and transmitted the story to the Chicago Defender. The Black press became a transnational witness where the occupation’s own institutions refused to serve as one.