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1919-11-01

1919-11-01: (Charlemagne Péralte Killed by U.S.

Haitian

1919-11-01: (Charlemagne Péralte Killed by U.S. Marines, His Body Displayed Crucifixion-Style as a Warning, a Spectacle That Recalled Boukman’s Head on a Pike and Produced the Same Result: Martyrdom Instead of Surrender): On November 1, 1919, U.S. Marines captured and killed Charlemagne Péralte. His body was stripped, tied to a door, and displayed in a pose that resembled a crucifixion, a photograph of which was distributed throughout Haiti as a warning to potential rebels. The display recalled the French colonial tactic of exhibiting Boukman’s head on a pike in 1791, and it produced the same result: not submission but martyrdom. Péralte became a permanent hero of Haitian national memory, his image a symbol of resistance to foreign occupation. Over two thousand Haitians died during the Cacos Rebellion. Fewer than one hundred Americans and National Guard members were killed. The suppression of the rebellion led to a U.S. Senate investigation in 1921, which, predictably, supported the continued presence of U.S. Marines in Haiti. The occupation would continue for another fifteen years.