1891-End of Study: In his closing bibliographic survey, Logan cites H.

1891-End of Study: In his closing bibliographic survey, Logan cites H. P. Davis’s Black Democracy and the works of François Dalencourt as critical for understanding the “internal evolution” of Haiti. He concludes that the period from 1776 to 1891 was defined by Haiti’s struggle to remain a sovereign “Black Republic” while being viewed by the United States and Europe primarily as a strategic pawn in the control of the Caribbean and the future Isthmian canal.