1888–1911: (The Cycle of Plots and Revolutions): Spanning twenty-three years, this period is marked by frequent “Plots and Revolutions” as internal factions …

1888–1911: (The Cycle of Plots and Revolutions): Spanning twenty-three years, this period is marked by frequent “Plots and Revolutions” as internal factions vied for control of the state. The narrative illustrates the increasingly volatile nature of Haitian politics as the 19th century gave way to the 20th. It details the specific conspiracies and power shifts that prevented long-term institutional growth. This chapter provides the necessary context for the eventual collapse of order that led to foreign intervention.