1871–1888: (A Succession of Misfortunes without Number): This era is defined by a nearly two-decade-long series of calamities that the authors characterize a…

1871–1888: (A Succession of Misfortunes without Number): This era is defined by a nearly two-decade-long series of calamities that the authors characterize as “Misfortunes without Number”. The period saw a recurring cycle of economic distress, natural disasters, and administrative failures that plagued the citizenry. The text details how these cumulative pressures undermined the progress made during the previous decade of stabilization. It serves as a grim chronicle of the difficulties inherent in maintaining a sovereign state amidst persistent adversity.