1799, August: (Massacres and Ambush): By late August 1799, Toussaint’s forces had quelled uprisings at the Cap using mass executions at the Savanne de la Fos…

1799, August: (Massacres and Ambush): By late August 1799, Toussaint’s forces had quelled uprisings at the Cap using mass executions at the Savanne de la Fossette. Toussaint himself narrowly survived a night ambush near the salt marshes of the Artibonite, where his doctor and aide-de-camp were killed. The conflict was marked by extreme atrocities, including the massacre of hundreds of hommes de couleur who were tied back-to-back and thrown to sharks at Port-au-Prince. Leaders of the disaffected mulâtre factions were also executed by being blown from the muzzles of guns loaded with grapeshot.