1798–1799: (The U.S.-Toussaint Entente and Economic Diplomacy): Following the British withdrawal, Toussaint established relations with the United States, sen…

1798–1799: (The U.S.-Toussaint Entente and Economic Diplomacy): Following the British withdrawal, Toussaint established relations with the United States, sending his treasurer Joseph Bunel to Philadelphia in November 1798. In March 1799, Dr. Edward Stevens, a kinsman of Alexander Hamilton, arrived as American consul general to formalize an entente with President John Adams. This agreement ensured Toussaint would halt privateering against U.S. ships in exchange for open ports and protection by U.S. or British cruisers. The U.S. supported Toussaint by applying a strict embargo against Rigaud and providing 2,680 muskets and ammunition to the Army of the North. This alliance was crucial for Toussaint’s efforts to rebuild the economy by exporting sugar and coffee while importing consumer goods and military supplies.