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1780s

1780s: Pioneer activity in the mountainous interior intensifies as new coffee estates are established.

1780s: Pioneer activity in the mountainous interior intensifies as new coffee estates are established. The economic shift toward coffee production led to the settlement of higher elevations and increased slave labor.

Source Geggus, Haitian Revolutionary Studies, 5; Nicholls, From Dessalines to Duvalier, 54