1757
1757: The Makandal conspiracy emerges as an organized plot to destroy the ensl
1757: The Makandal conspiracy emerges as an organized plot to destroy the enslavers. This secret movement utilized poison and was intended to coordinate a massive uprising across the North. Nuance: Makandal had escaped, and he was a houngan (priest) and a strategist. His use of poison was a form of “asymmetric warfare” that targeted the plantation’s food and water supplies, turning the enslavers’ domestic environment into a site of constant terror.
Source
Fick, The Making of Haiti, 16; Nicholls, From Dessalines to Duvalier, 31