1700: The Psychology of the Middle Passage: Maritime explorer Jean Barbot provided a vivid description of the security measures and horrific conditions found…

1700: The Psychology of the Middle Passage: Maritime explorer Jean Barbot provided a vivid description of the security measures and horrific conditions found on slaving vessels, where captives were crowded in two rows, one above the other. He noted that the constant dampness from deck washings, rain, and the sweat of the captives created a perpetual and dangerous environment for disease. Barbot detailed the extreme desperation of the captives, some of whom believed they were being taken to be eaten, which frequently led to mutinies. To prevent revolts, crews performed daily searches for pieces of iron, wood, or tools that could be used as weapons and kept small arms ready in the officers’ cabins.