1534–1867: An analysis of total arrivals across the Americas reveals that over 10.7 million captives survived the Middle Passage to disembark in the Americas.

1534–1867: An analysis of total arrivals across the Americas reveals that over 10.7 million captives survived the Middle Passage to disembark in the Americas. Brazil was the largest recipient region by far, accounting for nearly 45 percent of all arrivals, followed by the British and French Caribbean. The North American mainland received a relatively small share, approximately 3.6 percent, despite its later large enslaved population. These statistics highlight the massive human scale of the forced migration and the central role of the Caribbean and South American sugar economies. The unequal distribution of arrivals across the continents shaped the distinct social and racial landscapes of the modern Atlantic world.